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Module 12Visual Aids to Navigation

Light Characteristics

Every navigational light has a defined character — the pattern of light and dark. The most common types are: Fixed (F) — a continuous steady light. Flashing (Fl) — a single flash repeated at regular intervals, where dark is longer than light. Isophase (Iso) — equal periods of light and dark. Occulting (Oc) — steady light with regular periods of darkness (light is longer than dark).

Quick (Q) — rapid continuous flashing (50–79 per minute). Very Quick (VQ) — very rapid flashing (80–159 per minute). Group Flashing — shows groups of flashes, e.g., Fl(3) means a group of 3 flashes. Long Flash (LFl) — a flash of 2 seconds or more.

Key Points

  • F = Fixed (continuous light)
  • Fl = Flashing (flash shorter than dark)
  • Iso = Isophase (equal light and dark)
  • Oc = Occulting (light longer than dark)
  • Q = Quick flashing; VQ = Very Quick flashing
  • Fl(3) = Group of 3 flashes
  • LFl = Long flash (≥2 seconds)

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